Risk and return of U.S. water transportation stocks over time and over bull and bear market conditions

The aim of this paper is to investigate the behaviour of water transportation company stock returns in the U.S. stock exchanges from 1985 to 1994 in order to determine whether the systematic risk of this industry is different from that of the 'average' company in the market, whether it has changed over the ten year period, over bull and bear market conditions, and whether there is a firm 'size' effect in the industry. In the context of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (Capm), we find that the systematic risk of the shipping industry return is not different from that of the 'average' company. It is also found that the covariance of water transportation companies with respect to the overall stock market return did not change over the ten year period although it appears that it has changed over normal upward/downward market movements. There is also reasonable evidence that the intercept of the equation might have changed over normal upward/downward market movements. Finally, we document contradictory evidence regarding the size effect; during the period 1985-1989 we find small companies to have significantly higher returns and risk while during the period 1990-1994 medium size companies tend to have higher risk than small and large firms, which is not however compensated by higher returns.     

武广客专线新广州站桥梁工程沉降观测方案

客运专线的无碴轨道铺设,对线路下部结构的沉降有着非常严格的要求。结合武广客运专线新广州站试验段的工程实践,介绍了客运专线桥梁工程沉降观测的实施方案。通过对沉降观测数据系统的综合分析评估,分析、推算出最终沉降量和工后沉降,合理确定无碴轨道开始铺设时间,确保客运专线无碴轨道结构铺设质量。     

装载机转向液压系统的分析与选用

本文首先描述了装载机的转向方式和转向系统的基本要求,然后针对不同的转向方式所采用的液压系统对比分析了各自的工作原理和优缺点,指出根据装载机的不同选择最为合适的转向液压系统。     

2Mb/s电路对接的故障分析

2Mb／s电路的对接，是指将相同或不同设备间的2Mb／s电路以直接或间接的方式连接起来。这是通信网络中最常用的一种电路调度形式，然而在实际应用中总会出现一些奇怪的故障，令维护人员大伤脑筋，以下举例进行分析。[第一段]     

CMOS集成电路功耗分析及其优化方法

电子产品功耗的大小不仅限制了便携设备电池使用时间，也在一定程度上影响着设备性能。研究降低功耗的电路设计技术意义重大。CMOS集成电路功耗的物理来源主要有两种：由于CMOS管工作状态变化而引起的动态功耗和由于漏电流而产生的静态功耗。针对决定功耗大小的具体因素，从制造工艺和具体设计角度，讨论了几种降低CMOS集成电路功耗技术。     

Biologically induced modification of seawater viscosity in the Eastern English Channel during a Phaeocystis globosa spring bloom

To identify the potential relationship between Pheaocystis globosa bloom conditions and seawater properties, a hydrobiological survey was performed in the inshore waters of the Eastern English Channel over the course of the phytoplankton spring bloom. Chlorophyll concentration, auto- and hetero/mixotrophic composition of protists and standing stock, and seawater viscosity were measured weekly from March to June 2004. The decline of the bloom is characterized by a massive foam formation in the turbulent surf zone. Before foam formation, seawater viscosity significantly increased, showing a significant positive correlation with chlorophyll concentration. In contrast, after foam formation this correlation was negative, seawater viscosity kept increasing despite a sharp decrease in chlorophyll concentrations. No significant correlation has been found between seawater viscosity and the composition of the phytoplankton assemblages observed during the survey. However, significant positive correlations have been found between seawater viscosity and both the size and the abundance of P. globosa colonies. From the correlation patterns observed between chlorophyll concentration and seawater viscosity, we suggest that the rheological properties of seawater are mainly driven by extracellular materials associated with colony formation and maintenance rather than by cell composition and standing stock.     

航测方法测绘横断面图的要点

采用航测方法测绘横断面是勘察设计正努力探索的新途径。结合工程实例，探讨航测横断面生成的质量控制要点，主要有：摄影比例尺的选择，空三加密，确保线路中线资料正确，横断面采集注意事项等。     

电子签名技术及其在公路工程管理中的应用

随着我国公路工程管理信息化程度的日益提高,传统签名方式已经成为阻碍工程项目信息化管理发展的瓶颈。本文在介绍电子签名技术的基础上,对电子签名技术在公路工程项目文档管理中的应用等问题做了探讨。     

Driver steering and muscle activity during a lane-change manoeuvre

The article reports an experimental study of driver steering control behaviour in a lane-change manoeuvre. Eight test subjects were instrumented with electromyography to measure muscle activation and co-contraction. Each subject completed 30 lane-change manoeuvres with one vehicle on a fixed-base driving simulator. For each driver, the steering torque feedback characteristic was changed after every ten manoeuvres; the response of the vehicle to steering angle inputs was not changed. Drivers' control strategies were found to be robust to changes in steering torque feedback. Path-following errors, muscle activity and muscle co-contraction all reduce with the number of lane-changes performed by the driver, suggesting the existence of a learning process. Comparing the test subjects, there was some evidence that high levels of co-contraction were used to allow high-frequency steering inputs to be generated. The results contribute to the understanding of vehicle-driver (and more generally, human-machine) dynamic interaction.     

山区高速公路典型区域边坡稳定性研究

申苏浙皖高速公路K44边坡由于受太湖区域地质构造的影响,岩体条件复杂。经应用研制的公路边坡稳定性评价设计系统,通过计算稳定性系数,进行敏感性分析,计算加固总力等,对边坡进行全面综合性的稳定性评价,收到了良好效果。